Which of the following is NOT a type of non-lethal force?

The correct answer is that rifle fire is not a type of non-lethal force. This is because rifle fire inherently involves the use of lethal ammunition that is designed to incapacitate or kill a target. Non-lethal force includes methods that are intended to control a situation or an individual without the intent to cause permanent injury or death.

Physical restraint, electrical stun devices, and incapacitating agents are all classified as non-lethal options. Physical restraint involves the use of techniques to limit an individual's movement, which can effectively control a subject without significant risk of grave harm. Electrical stun devices, such as Tasers, are designed to temporarily incapacitate a person without causing permanent injury. Incapacitating agents, which include chemical substances like pepper spray, are intended to temporarily deter or disable an individual through non-lethal means.

In contrast, rifle fire does not fall under this category, as it can result in severe harm or fatality, highlighting the critical distinction between lethal and non-lethal force in law enforcement practices.